Flap surgery is an advanced periodontal procedure used to treat gum disease and restore oral health when non-surgical treatments are no longer effective. It involves carefully lifting the gums away from the teeth to remove tartar, bacteria, and infected tissue from deep periodontal pockets. The gums are then repositioned and sutured to promote healing and reattachment to the teeth. This procedure not only helps control infection and stop the progression of gum disease but also prevents tooth loss and improves overall gum structure. Flap surgery is typically performed under local anesthesia and offers long-term benefits in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing future complications.